Cameroon - Telecoms, Mobile, Broadband & Forecasts

Despite its oil resources and favourable agricultural conditions, Cameroon’s GDP growth of between 2% and 4% over the past several years has lagged behind other countries in the region, mainly as a result of a generally unfavourable climate for business enterprise and a high level of corruption. The International Monetary Fund is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatisation, and poverty reduction programs.

The development of the country’s telecommunications sector mirrors this situation. Although it is independently regulated, licensing is restrictive. Cameroon is one of only a few countries in Africa left with only two competing mobile networks, MTN and Orange, while most of its peers in the region have moved on to licensing three, four or even more operators. The result is a mobile market penetration rate that is below the African average and also below that of other countries with similar GDP per capita levels, despite the fact that Cameroon pioneered GSM mobile technology in Africa when it launched the first network on the continent in 1993.

While the state-owned first mobile network was privatised in 1999, several attempts to sell off the fixed-line business of Camtel, the national telco, have failed amid concerns about the poor state of its network, operations and finances. Fixed-line penetration is extremely low at 1% of the population. Meanwhile, Camtel has ambitions to re-enter the lucrative mobile sector as the third player, initially with a CDMA network it had originally built to provide fixed-wireless access.

Camtel has been allowed to monopolise access to the SAT-3/WASC international fibre optic submarine cable, Cameroon’s only source of high-capacity, high-quality international bandwidth. This has led to extremely high prices and a grey market of unlicensed satellite gateway operators offering Internet access and VoIP services. Similarly, the national fibre backbone network is currently still dominated by Camtel, but the launch of the first fibre between the country’s two major cities in 2007 has improved service delivery. Prior to this, Camtel and the two mobile operators were relying almost entirely on microwave and satellite transmission. Alternative fibre backbones to compete with Camtel’s are under development.

Mirroring a trend throughout developing markets, the average revenue per user in Cameroon’s mobile sector has fallen continuously as lower income groups gain access to services. The operators are trying to generate new revenue streams from the virtually untapped Internet and broadband market by introducing mobile data and WiMAX wireless broadband services.

Despite the obstacles, there has been steady progress in Cameroon’s telecommunications market, and the convergence between fixed and mobile, voice and data services has begun: while the fixed-line incumbent is re-entering the mobile sector, the existing mobile operators are establishing themselves as leading Internet Service Providers by introducing wireless broadband and mobile data services and acquiring existing ISPs. The mobile operators are also among the bidders in the privatisation of the fixed-line incumbent. The existing ISPs are combining their forces by merging and preparing to offer VoIP services through newly established wireless broadband networks.

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